JAHA:绝经年龄与卒中风险的关系
时间:2023-09-10 10:57:47 热度:37.1℃ 作者:网络
卒中是全球第二大死亡原因,2019年造成超过600万人死亡。在全球范围内,女性因卒中死亡的比例(2019年为12.5%)高于男性(2019年为10.9%)。女性和男性也容易患不同类型的卒中。在一项超过900万人的大规模研究中,男性发生缺血性卒中、短暂性脑缺血发作和脑出血的风险更高,而女性发生蛛网膜下腔出血的风险更高。女性和男性有一些共同的卒中风险因素,但其关联的强度因性别而异。
此外,各种女性特异性因素与心血管风险的关系近年来受到越来越多的关注。观察性研究表明,与更年期较晚的女性相比,更年期较早的女性患卒中的风险更高。然而,与卒中亚型的关联不一致,因果关系尚不清楚。
近日,心血管疾病领域权威杂志JAHA上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员分析了英国生物银行和欧洲癌症和营养-心血管疾病前瞻性调查(EPIC-CVD)研究的数据,共纳入204244名基线时无卒中史的绝经后妇女(7883名来自EPIC‐CVD[5292名来自亚队列],196361名来自英国生物银行)。
Table 1. Baseline Characteristics
Characteristic |
Overall (n=201653*) |
EPIC‐CVD (n=5292*) |
UK Biobank (n=196 361) |
Total n |
Mean±SD, median [IQR], n (%†) |
Total n |
Mean±SD, median [IQR], n (%†) |
Total n |
Mean±SD, median [IQR], n (%†) |
Stroke risk factors |
Age, y |
201 653 |
58.9±5.8 |
5292 |
58.0±6.4 |
196 361 |
59.9±5.7 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg |
189 007 |
137.1±19.2 |
4296 |
135.7±20.0 |
184 711 |
138.4±19.2 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
189 009 |
81.6±9.9 |
4296 |
82.0±10.4 |
184 713 |
81.2±9.9 |
Hypertension |
200 858 |
103 069 (51.3%) |
5245 |
2362 (45.0%) |
195 613 |
100 707 (51.5%) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 |
200 628 |
26.8±5.1 |
5258 |
26.4±4.6 |
195 370 |
27.3±5.1 |
Education |
197 661 |
|
5182 |
|
192 479 |
|
Low |
|
43 350 (21.9%) |
|
2026 (39.1%) |
|
41 324 (21.5%) |
Medium |
|
48 764 (24.7%) |
|
615 (11.9%) |
|
48 149 (25.0%) |
High |
|
104 994 (53.1%) |
|
1988 (38.4%) |
|
103 006 (53.5%) |
Smoking status |
200 560 |
|
5254 |
|
195 306 |
|
Never |
|
116 329 (58.0%) |
|
3071 (58.5%) |
|
113 258 (58.0%) |
Ex |
|
66 778 (33.3%) |
|
1092 (20.8%) |
|
65 686 (33.6%) |
Current |
|
17 453 (8.7%) |
|
1091 (20.8%) |
|
16 362 (8.4%) |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L |
188 029 |
6.2±1.1 |
5049 |
6.3±1.2 |
182 980 |
6.0±1.1 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L |
171 617 |
1.6±0.4 |
5049 |
1.6±0.4 |
166 568 |
1.6±0.4 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L |
187 916 |
1.4 [1.0, 2.0] |
5046 |
1.2 [0.8, 1.6] |
182 870 |
1.4 [1.0, 2.0] |
HbA1c, % |
186 905 |
5.6±0.5 |
5194 |
5.6±0.7 |
181 711 |
5.5±0.5 |
Female‐specific factors |
Age at menopause, y |
189 095 |
47.8±6.2 |
4754 |
47.3±6.4 |
184 341 |
48.4±6.2 |
Surgical menopause |
201 653 |
45 193 (22.4%) |
5292 |
1235 (23.3%) |
196 361 |
43 958 (22.4%) |
Ever use of HRT |
200 206 |
100 203 (50.0%) |
4722 |
1733 (36.7%) |
195 484 |
98 470 (50.4%) |
Ever use of OCP |
200 736 |
155 303 (77.4%) |
5206 |
2329 (44.7%) |
195 530 |
152 974 (78.2%) |
Age at menarche, y |
195 496 |
13.2±1.6 |
5156 |
13.4±1.6 |
190 340 |
12.9±1.6 |
BP indicates blood pressure; EPIC‐CVD, European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition‐Cardiovascular Diseases; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; IQR, interquartile range; and OCP, oral contraceptive pill.